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Family Health DNA

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Family Health DNA is a comprehensive genetic test analysing 80 clinically relevant traits to reveal inherited health risks that affect the whole family. By integrating blood health, gut function, immune resilience, cardiovascular risk, allergy genetics, and lifestyle genomics, it identifies predispositions to conditions such as anaemia, clotting disorders, heart disease, autoimmune tendencies, allergies, and metabolic disorders early. The result is a single, personalised report designed to support early screening, preventive care, and long-term family health and wellbeing.

Family Health DNA

Family Health DNA

Haematological Disorders

Red Blood Cell Disorder

Aplastic Anemia Learn More

Defining Aplastic Anaemia
Aplastic anaemia is an uncommon but deadly blood condition that develops when the bone marrow's stem cells are harmed. The spongy portion of the bone called the bone marrow is where red, white and platelet-producing blood cells are made. Aplastic anaemia is characterised by injured stem cells, which leave the bone marrow empty or with few blood cells. There are two: inherited and acquired. Genetic diversity is what results in inherited. Toxic chemical exposure, radiation and chemotherapy treatments, the use of specific medicines, autoimmune illnesses, viral infections, etc. can all contribute to acquired.

Sickle Cell Anemia Learn More

Sickle Cell Anaemia Explained
The blood condition sickle cell anaemia is hereditary. It is brought on by deformed red blood cells produced by defective haemoglobin. These sickle- or crescent-shaped red blood cells are inflexible, sticky, incredibly brittle and prone to rupture, in contrast to the rounded and flexible red blood cells. Anaemia is brought on by these cells rupturing (hemolysis) and some of these cells may clog blood vessels, harming the tissue and organ and causing pain. This aberrant haemoglobin is produced as a result of specific genetic variations. To affect the child, both parents must carry the sickle cell gene.

High Altitude Polycythemia Learn More

Defining High-altitude Polycythemia
Chronic condition known as high-altitude polycythemia causes abnormally high levels of red blood cells. This happens to make up for the low oxygen levels in the environment and the insufficient tissue oxygenation. High red blood cell counts cause the blood to be thick, which harms the microcirculatory system and impairs immunological function. Additionally, it leads to thrombosis, severe organ damage and sleep problems. Haemoglobin concentrations of less than 19 g/dL for females and less than 21 g/dL for males are used to identify high-altitude polycythemia. High-altitude polycythemia risk may be increased by specific genetic variants.

Iron Deficiency Anemia Learn More

How is iron deficiency anaemia defined?
Anaemia caused by a lack of iron in the blood is known as iron deficiency anaemia. The body needs iron to produce haemoglobin, a substance that carries oxygen throughout the body as part of blood. Because there aren't nearly enough healthy red blood cells to hold the necessary amounts of oxygen for the body's requirements, people with iron deficiency anaemia experience acute exhaustion and shortness of breath. Several reasons, including certain genetic abnormalities, blood loss, a shortage of iron in the diet and an inability to absorb iron, can result in iron deficiency anaemia.

Platelet Disorder

Essential Thrombocytosis Learn More

The definition of essential thrombocytosis
A rare myeloproliferative condition called essential thrombocytosis (ET), also known as primary thrombocythemia, causes an excess generation of platelets. Too many platelet-producing cells are produced by the bone marrow, leading to improper blood clotting or bleeding disorders. On rare occasions, patients with an underlying infection or iron deficiency develop secondary thrombocytopenia. The improper function of extra platelets causes them to clump together and form clots, which can result in potentially fatal consequences like heart attack, stroke and pregnancy issues. Essential thrombocytosis risk is increased by specific genetic variants. Over 450 000 platelets per microliter of blood are present in the blood.

Immune Thrombocytopenia Learn More

Understanding immune thrombocytopenia
A bleeding illness called immune thrombocytopenia is brought on when the body's immune system assaults and kills the platelets. Typically, platelets are needed to aid in blood clotting. The breakdown of the platelets lowers the count, which is referred to as thrombocytopenia, which results in clotting issues and excessive bleeding and bruising. People with this illness frequently develop purpura, which are purple bruises. Petechiae, which are tiny red or purple spots on the skin, can also result from it. This condition may be brought on by bacterial illnesses like H. Pylori in the stomach or viral infections like HIV, hepatitis, etc.

Von Willebrand Disease Learn More

Von Willebrand disease definition
A protein that aids in clotting called the Von Willebrand factor is absent in people with Von Willebrand disease, which is a bleeding illness. This protein is either not functioning properly or is present in low amounts in this disease. As a result, it prevents platelets from attaching to the damaged blood arteries, leading to clotting issues or protracted bleeding. Rarely people who did not inherit a defective gene from their parents can get Willebrand disease later in life. This is frequently referred to as acquired Willebrand syndrome and is probably brought on by another health issue.

Clotting Disorder

Thrombophilia Learn More

What exactly is thrombophilia?
In thrombophilia, abnormal blood clotting within blood vessels develops even in the absence of injury, a condition known as hypercoagulability, which is caused by an imbalance in the blood clotting proteins. Either the body produces an excessive amount of the clotting protein or not enough of the protein that prevents clotting. Blood clots may totally block blood vessels, depriving tissues or organs of oxygen. Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism can also be brought on by a blood clot that breaks off and travels through the bloodstream. Additionally, a heart attack or stroke could result.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Digestive Tract Disorders

Celiac Disease Learn More

Defining celiac disease
Gluten, which is present in wheat, barley and rye, triggers an immunological response in people with celiac disease, an autoimmune illness. It causes destruction to the villi that line the small intestine's interior, which impairs the absorption of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Child development and growth may be hampered by malnutrition. It can cause malnutrition, low bone density, infertility, neurological problems, or some types of cancer if left untreated.

Crohn's Disease Learn More

Crohn's Disease and how it affects you
Inflammatory bowel illness includes Crohn's disease. It might result in ulcers, edoema, or inflammatory reactions in the body's digestive system. It can affect any area of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus and varies from person to person. It typically results from the body's immune system being activated by a bacterium, virus, or other environmental causes. Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe, can be painful and incapacitating and occasionally they can cause complications that pose a serious risk to one's life.

Ulcerative Colitis Learn More

Description of Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract are symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known as ulcerative colitis. It causes ulcers and inflammation in the digestive tract and affects the rectum, which is the end of the colon and the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon). These sores or ulcers are able to bleed and exude pus. The immune system that battles the incoming virus attacks the digestive tract's cells as a result of an aberrant immunological reaction. Debilitating effects from ulcerative colitis can occasionally be fatal. Colon cancer can develop after years of ulcerative colitis.

Barrett Esophagus Learn More

What exactly is Barrett's Oesophagus?
Barrett's oesophagus, also known as Barrett's syndrome, is a condition in which the esophageal tissue changes into tissue similar to the intestinal lining and thickens and turns red. This occurs mostly as a result of the lower esophageal cells being exposed to stomach acid, which is typically seen in long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), causing damage to those cells.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Learn More

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): What it is and symtoms
The large intestine is impacted by the illness known as irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS. It is a persistent condition that results in cramping, bloating, diarrhoea and/or constipation. The contributing aspects to this disorder may include altered intestinal microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, inflammation and gastrointestinal dysmotility. The majority of symptoms can be controlled by altering food and lifestyle.

GI Accessory Disorders

Cirrhosis Learn More

Cirrhosis affects and causes
Cirrhosis is a side effect of liver illness. It is a late stage of fibrosis, an irreversible scarring of the liver. It is brought on by viral illnesses like hepatitis or alcoholism, which harm the liver cells. There are metabolic issues when the liver's cells are damaged and unable to function properly. This eventually causes cirrhosis and other serious illnesses that can be fatal. The liver damage might be limited with an early diagnosis.

Gallstones Learn More

Defining Gallstones
Gallstones are the result of digestive fluid depositing in the gallbladder and becoming solid. A little organ located beneath the liver is the gallbladder. The gallbladder contains digestive fluids that are discharged into the small intestine, such as bile, which aids in the breakdown of lipids. The amount and size of gallstones might differ. The two forms of gallstones depend on their chemical makeup. Due to the presence of bilirubin in the bile, pigment stones are brown or black in colour as opposed to cholesterol stones, which are yellow in colour.

Pancreatitis Learn More

What exactly is Pancreatitis?
Pancreas inflammation is a medical ailment known as pancreatitis. This happens when the pancreas activates the digestive enzymes before they are released into the small intestine. Inflammation results from this irritating and destroying pancreatic cells. As a result, the pancreas's function is compromised, leading to digestive issues and an imbalance in the hormones that control blood sugar (glucose) levels. It can be acute or chronic in nature, depending on the severity and when it starts.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis Learn More

How do you define primary biliary cholangitis?
The bile ducts in the liver are gradually harmed by primary biliary cholangitis, formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis. The small intestine receives bile, which is created in the liver, via the duct, where it aids in digestion and helps the body get rid of cholesterol, poisons and worn-out red blood cells. Bile is stored in the liver as a result of damaged bile ducts, which causes cirrhosis, an irreversible scarring of the liver tissue that impairs liver function.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Learn More

Defining Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a bile duct disorder. From the liver, where it is created, through the gallbladder, where it is stored and finally, to the small intestine, where it aids in the breakdown of fats, bile is transported via bile ducts. Cholangitis, an inflammation of the bile ducts, causes scarring or sclerosis and constriction of the ducts. Bile accumulates in the liver as a result of its inability to be discharged into the gallbladder and small intestine, resulting in serious liver damage.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Learn More

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver refers to a range of conditions where extra fat builds up in the liver of individuals who drink very little to no alcohol. As it advances, it could become severe and cause cirrhosis, fibrosis, inflammation and liver failure. Overweight, insulin resistance, excessive blood sugar and lipid levels are all associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Immunology

Autoimmune Disorders

Lichen Planus Learn More

What exactly is Lichen Planus?
Lichen planus is an autoimmune disease that produces swelling and irritation in the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes by attacking skin cells or mucous membranes. Lichen planus typically manifests as a flat, purple, itchy lesion. It most commonly affects middle-aged individuals or women. Lichen planus can arise in conjunction with other autoimmune illnesses.

Dermatomyositis Learn More

Definition of Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an uncommon condition that causes muscle weakness and a unique skin rash. Small blood veins in muscle tissue are particularly vulnerable. The body incorrectly assaults its own tissue, resulting in inflammatory alterations in the muscles. It eventually leads to the breakdown of muscle fibres due to the presence of inflammatory cells surrounding them, resulting in an autoimmune disorder. Dermatomyositis is caused by genetic variations, environmental conditions and infections.

Systemic Sclerosis Learn More

Explaining Systemic Sclerosis?
Systemic sclerosis, often known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune disease that causes the skin and connective tissues to harden and tighten. It is caused by an excess of collagen production and accumulation in various body tissues. Collagen is a fibrous protein found in connective tissues throughout the body, including our skin. The illness affects not only the skin but also the blood vessels, muscles, digestive system, heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs.

Interstitial Cystitis Learn More

What is Interstitial Cystitis?
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic and painful bladder ailment. It puts pressure on the bladder, which causes pain. There is pain and discomfort in the pelvic area that can range from minor to severe. Interstitial cystitis can also induce changes in urine frequency and urgency. It's a discomfort in the bladder syndrome.

Sjogren's Syndrome Learn More

What exactly is Sjogren's Syndrome?
Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune, inflammatory condition that mostly affects mucus-producing glands such as tear glands (lacrimal glands) and salivary glands, however it can affect other regions of the body as well. Sjogren's syndrome can produce dryness and reduced tear and saliva production. It may be linked to other autoimmune illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and others.

Autoimmune Hepatitis Learn More

Information about Autoimmune Hepatitis?
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease in which the body's immune system destroys its own cells, causing liver damage. This results in liver cirrhosis and, ultimately, liver failure. There are two forms of autoimmune hepatitis: type 1 (common in all age groups) and type 2 (frequent in children and young adults). Other autoimmune disorders may or may not accompany autoimmune hepatitis.

Autoimmune Pancreatitis Learn More

Explanation on Pancreatitis?
Pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed. The pancreas suffers considerable harm when the body's immune system attacks it. The pancreas' function is consequently compromised, resulting in digestive issues and an imbalance in the hormones that regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. There are two forms of pancreatitis: IgG4-related pancreatitis, which affects many organs such as the bile duct in the liver, salivary glands, lymph nodes and kidneys and type 2 (also known as idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis), which usually affects the pancreas.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome Learn More

Definition of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently results in the development of antibodies that cause blood clots. The immune system targets the proteins in the blood, causing antibodies to develop, which then causes clots to form. These clots occur in arteries or veins throughout the body, including the legs, kidneys, lungs and brain. It is a leading cause of miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women. Certain genetic variants can enhance a person's susceptibility to antiphospholipid syndrome.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Learn More

What exactly is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), sometimes known as 'lupus,' is an autoimmune illness in which the body's immune system erroneously assaults healthy cells and tissues, causing damage to the many affected organs. It can cause problems with the joints, brain, skin, lungs, kidneys and blood vessels. Infections, malignancies, bone tissue damage, pregnancy problems and other organ-related disorders are more likely in people with this illness.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Learn More

Description of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anaemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia is a very uncommon autoimmune disorder. Autoantibodies are produced by the immune system and assault red blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body's organs. The quantity of red blood cells is reduced in this disease, resulting in anaemia (lack of haemoglobin). The severity of anaemia is determined by the extent of red blood cell breakdown.

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Learn More

Defining Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD), often known as overlap disease, is a grouping of several illnesses. The most common clinical characteristics are those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma and myositis. Sjogren's syndrome is also seen in a small number of persons. The immune system assaults the body's own fibres, which are responsible for the body's support and framework. Certain genetic variants are involved in the development of mixed connective tissue disease.

Discoid Lupus Learn More

What exactly is Discoid Lupus?
Discoid Lupus is a severe autoimmune illness that affects the skin, resulting in the formation of a red, scaly coin-shaped lesion. When exposed to sunshine, these rashes worsen. The immune system attacks healthy skin cells and causes rash formation. Because it does not affect internal organs, discoid lupus differs from systemic lupus. Some of the variables that may worsen the illness are stress, infection and trauma.

Giant Cell Arteritis Learn More

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?
Giant Cell Arteritis, also known as temporal arteritis, is an uncommon illness in which the blood arteries of the head, particularly the temples, become inflamed. Inflammation then reduces blood flow and can harm essential tissues and organs. Further injury can also result in permanent visual loss. It is most common in adults between the ages of 70 and 80.

Pemphigoid Learn More

What exactly is Pemphigoid?
Pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune illness that causes skin rashes and mucus membrane blisters on the legs, arms and belly. The body manufactures autoantibodies by mistake, causing a chain reaction that results in a separation between the inner layer of tissue and the skin above it. Various forms have been recorded depending on the site of blister development, including bullous (arms and legs), cicatricial (mucous membrane of eyes, mouth and nose) and pemphigoid gestations (occurs during pregnancy). It can occur at any age, including children, but it primarily affects the elderly.

Inflammatory Myopathy Learn More

Description of Inflammatory Myopathy
Inflammatory Myopathy is a category of autoimmune chronic disorders that induce muscle inflammation, as well as muscle weakening and pain. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis and inclusion body myositis (IBM) are the three kinds of inflammatory myopathy. Because it is an autoimmune disease, the immune system of the body targets the muscles. It is an uncommon condition that affects both adults and children.

Uveitis Learn More

What exactly is uveitis?
Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea, the central layer of the eye. Autoimmune uveitis is characterised by inflammatory alterations in the eye tissue generated by an autoimmune reaction to self-antigens or by an inflammatory reaction in response to an external stimulation. It's linked to a systemic autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorder. The location of the inflammation in the eye determines the type of uveitis. There are four types of uveitis: anterior (front), posterior (rear), intermediate (middle) and pan-uveitis (all areas of the eye).

Microscopic Polyangiitis Learn More

Definition of Microscopic Polyangiitis
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a rare autoimmune illness that causes blood vessel inflammation. Inflamed arteries expand and weaken and they may rupture, resulting in tissue bleeding. This may result in further organ damage. Some of the most typically damaged organs are the kidneys, lungs, skin, joints and nerves. The immune system is crucial in the development of microscopic polyangiitis.

Inflammatory Disorder

Behcet's Disease Learn More

Exactly what is Behcet's Disease?
Behcet's Disease is an uncommon kind of vasculitis that causes inflammation of blood vessels of all sizes and types throughout the body, including veins and arteries. It is an autoimmune illness in which the body's immune system incorrectly assaults its own blood vessel cells, causing inflammation. Behcet's Disease is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental causes. Environmental variables, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, enhance an individual's susceptibility to Behcet's Disease.

Cardiovascular

Arrythmia

Atrial Fibrillation Learn More

What Exactly Is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the heart rate is erratic and fast, putting the patient at risk of stroke and other cardiac problems.

Brugada Syndrome Learn More

Brugada Syndrome explained
Brugada syndrome is a heart rhythm condition characterised by irregular heartbeats, particularly from the lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. This illness is caused by a malfunction in the channels that direct electrical impulses, causing irregular heartbeats. This irregular beat can be rapid and harmful, resulting in a lack of blood circulation to the body. Brugada syndrome is caused by structural heart defects, chemical imbalances and certain medicines. Brugada syndrome is also caused by genetic differences.

Ventricular Fibrillation Learn More

Definition of Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation is a severe kind of arrhythmia or cardiac rhythm disease in which the heart beats with rapid, unpredictable electrical impulses. Because it is a life-threatening condition, it must be addressed right away. While the precise aetiology of ventricular fibrillation is uncertain, it frequently begins with ventricular tachycardia (rapid heartbeat). It happens in persons who have scar tissue from previous heart attacks as well as heart muscle damage from cardiac diseases. Untreated ventricular tachycardia progresses to ventricular fibrillation.

Ventricular Tachycardi Learn More

What exactly is Ventricular Tachycardia?
Ventricular tachycardia is a rapid, abnormal heart rhythm that begins in the heart's bottom chambers (ventricles). Ventricular tachycardia occurs when the heart rate exceeds 100-120 beats per minute and there are three or more abnormal beats in a row. When electrical impulses are disrupted, fast signals are conveyed to the ventricles. This quick heartbeat does not allow enough blood to fill the ventricles, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the rest of the body. Ventricular tachycardia can sometimes cause the heart to stop, which is a life-threatening medical emergency.

Valve Diseases

Stenosis Learn More

Understanding Stenosis
Stenosis is a disorder in which the heart valve narrows, restricting blood flow. The valve flap stiffens or thickens and does not fully open, requiring the heart to work harder to pump blood, leading it to grow and weaken. Aortic stenosis, tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis and mitral stenosis are the many forms of stenosis. Stenosis can be caused by congenital cardiac abnormalities, rheumatic fever and calcium buildup on the valve. It mainly affects older people, but it can be congenital as well.

Aortic Dissection Learn More

Definition of Aortic Dissection
Aortic dissection occurs when the inner lining of the aorta (the primary artery that drains the heart) tears. Dissection occurs when blood flows between the layers of the vascular wall. This can result in a rupture or an insufficient blood flow to the other organs. There are two kinds of aortic stenosis, depending on which section of the aorta is affected: Type A: The rip is located in the ascending aorta. This is a more prevalent and potentially deadly variant. Type B: A rip in the descending aorta.

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Learn More

What exactly is the Bicuspid Aortic Valve?
Bicuspid aortic valve is a disorder in which the aortic valve, which controls blood flow into the aorta from the heart's left ventricle, has two cusps (flaps) rather than three. The valve does not work properly in this disorder, allowing blood to flow backwards from the aorta into the left ventricle and producing an unnatural sound (murmur) depending on the degree of abnormality. It is a congenital disorder that frequently runs in families. Several studies have also suggested that it could be caused by a connective tissue condition, which could lead to other circulatory system issues.

CVD

Stroke Learn More

Definition Stroke
A stroke most commonly happens in the brain due to a lack of oxygen and blood supply (blocked artery) to the brain (ischemia). As a result, the brain cells (neurons) cannot produce enough energy and finally die. It damages the brain by interfering with energy-dependent processes. Stroke symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arms, or legs, loss of vision, difficulty walking, disorientation and severe headaches with no apparent reason.

Angina Learn More

What exactly is Angina ait's effects
Angina is a sign of coronary heart disease that is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart. Inadequate oxygen supply results from a lack of blood supply. In the chest, there is discomfort, agony, heaviness and tightness. There are various types of angina. 1. Stable Angina: This condition is triggered by physical exertion such as exercise or stair climbing. 2. Unstable Angina: This type of angina occurs at rest and is more severe. 3. Microvascular Angina: Chest pain without a blockage of the coronary arteries. 4. Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal's angina, is a rare but severe condition caused by a spasm in the heart's arteries, which momentarily reduces blood flow and occurs during rest.

Aneurysm Learn More

Aneurysm explained
An aneurysm develops when the arterial wall weakens, resulting in a bulge caused by an increase in blood pressure in the artery. Atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, deep wounds, or infection can all contribute to it. It can sometimes be discovered from birth. Aortic aneurysms (found in the aorta-the main blood vessels that carry blood from the heart), cerebral aneurysms (arteries that supply the brain) and peripheral aneurysms (any peripheral artery) are the three types. It can be fatal if the aneurysm ruptures and causes a stroke.

Long QT Syndrome Learn More

What exactly is Long QT Syndrome?
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an unusual and genetic disorder in which the heart rhythm becomes rapid and disorganised. Arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeat rhythms) can occur suddenly, uncontrollably and dangerously in reaction to exercise or stress. This abnormality in the electrical activity of the heart is referred to as QT prolongation on an electrocardiogram (ECG). LQTS 1, 2 and 3 are the most prevalent kinds of inherited LQTS. Arrhythmias in LQTS 1 can be triggered by mental stress or exercise (particularly swimming). Extreme emotions, such as surprise, can cause arrhythmias in LQTS 2. A sluggish heart rate during sleep can cause arrhythmias in people with LQTS 3.

Myocardial Infarction Learn More

What is myocardial infarction?
A myocardial infarction happens when blood supply to the heart is suddenly reduced. The heart does not receive oxygen if blood is not pumped. If not treated promptly, the heart muscle begins to die. However, if treated immediately, damage to the heart muscle can be reduced or avoided.

Coronary Heart Disease Learn More

Coronary Heart Disease explained and symptom associated
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), also known as Ischemic Heart Disease, occurs when the heart's blood supply is interrupted due to the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, causing inflammation and gradual thickening of the coronary arteries and eventually scarring or furring up the artery lining, resulting in atherosclerosis. CHD is frequently the result of the advancement of CAD and atherosclerosis. CHD symptoms range from chest pain (angina) to shortness of breath. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is another sign.

Coronary Artery Disease Learn More

Information on Coronary Artery Disease?
The largest blood artery group that supplies blood to the heart is the coronary arteries. Any damage to these blood vessels caused by plaque buildup could result in a decrease in blood supply to the heart, resulting in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain might occur as a result of reduced blood flow. CAD manifests as stable angina (chest pain), unstable angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), depending on the amount of blockage. A full blockage could result in a myocardial infarction.

Atherosclerosis Learn More

What Exactly Is Atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fat, cholesterol, calcium and other chemicals form plaques in the artery walls, narrowing the opening of the arteries and reducing blood flow, ultimately leading to cardiovascular disease. When these plaques break, they produce a blood clot, limiting or even blocking the flow of oxygen-rich blood to organs and other regions of the body.

Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Learn More

Definition of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
The most prevalent kind of cardiomyopathy is dilated cardiomyopathy. The muscle of the heart's primary pumping chamber (the left ventricle) becomes dilated and weakened in this condition. As a result, the heart is unable to deliver enough blood to the rest of the body. Later on, the right ventricle dilates and becomes dysfunctional. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by a variety of disorders such as various cardiac diseases, alcohol consumption, diabetes, thyroid, viral infections of the heart, or certain medicines.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Learn More

Defining Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a disorder that causes the heart muscle to thicken abnormally. This reduces the ability of the heart to pump blood. It causes rigidity in the heart's lower chambers (ventricles), valve changes (mitral valve) and cellular alterations. There are two types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (in which the septum between the ventricles enlarges and restricts blood flow out of the heart) and non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (in which blood flow is not significantly restricted). While hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is primarily inherited, it can also be caused by high blood pressure or ageing.

Venous Thromboembolism

Venous Thrombosis Learn More

Explaining Venous Thrombosis?
Venous thrombosis is a disorder in which a blood clot forms in a vein and restricts blood flow. Venous Thrombosis Types: 1. Superficial Venous Thrombosis- a blood clot that forms near the skin's surface. 2. Deep Vein Thrombosis- a blood clot that forms in a deep vein in the body, usually in the leg, thigh, or pelvis. The venous thrombus may disintegrate, gather extra platelets or fibrin and produce vessel obstruction, or it may dislodge and migrate to another place, producing catastrophic issues such as pulmonary embolism. Certain genetic variants may enhance the risk of venous thrombosis.

Pulmonary Embolism Learn More

What Exactly Is Pulmonary Embolism?
The blocking of arteries in the lungs caused by blood clots is known as pulmonary embolism. These blood clots occur in many regions of the body, most notably the arms or legs (in the case of deep vein thrombosis). These clots travel through the circulatory system, reach the lungs and create blockage of the lungs' tiny capillaries, affecting blood circulation to that area of the lungs. Due to a lack of blood and oxygen, the lungs may cease to function, causing lasting damage to the organ. The symptoms may vary depending on the extent of the lung involvement and the size of the clot.

Terminal Heart Disorders

Heart Failure Learn More

Definition of Heart Failure
Heart failure is the inability of the heart to adequately pump blood to the body. The heart muscles are either injured and weaker or stiffened. The lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) do not fill adequately, resulting in ineffective pumping. Heart failure can also be caused by illnesses such as coronary heart disease, in which the arteries grow narrow and hypertension. Heart failure can be classified as left-sided, right-sided, diastolic (the heart is stiff and does not fill adequately), or systolic (the heart is weak and does not pump blood effectively).

Sudden Cardiac Death Learn More

What Exactly Is Sudden Cardiac Death?
The unexpected death caused by the heart abruptly and unexpectedly stopping beating is known as sudden cardiac death. When this happens, blood flow to the brain and other essential organs is cut off. An irregular heartbeat is caused by an electrical defect in the heart. The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). Cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, heart attack, valve disease, or inherited heart disease can all cause sudden cardiac death.

Inflammatory Diseases

Kawasaki Disease Learn More

Kawasaki disease explained
Kawasaki disease is a mucocutaneous lymph node disorder that primarily affects babies and young children and causes inflammation of the arteries, veins and capillaries. It primarily affects the child's mucous membranes in the mouth, nose and throat. Although around 80% of Kawasaki illness patients are under the age of five, older children and teenagers may also be affected, albeit infrequently. It is a major cause of acquired heart disease in youngsters.

Infective Endocarditis Learn More

Definition of Infective Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Infective endocarditis is inflammation of the endocardium induced by an infection. This illness is typically caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria that enter the body by various areas such as the mouth, skin, respiratory system and urinary tract. If left untreated, it can lead to valve deterioration, heart failure, stroke and even death. Fungi and other microbes can occasionally cause infection.

Dyslipedemia

Hypertriglyceridemia Learn More

Defining hypertriglyceridemia
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as an abnormally high level of triglycerides (a type of lipid) in the bloodstream. Triglycerides are a substantial component of human body fat and an important source of energy for our cells. Hypertriglyceridemia may be a symptom of underlying metabolic abnormalities and it has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as a triglyceride level greater than 150 mg/dl.

Hypercholesterolemia Learn More

The definition of hypercholesterolemia
A high blood cholesterol level is referred to as hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol is a waxy molecule found in blood that is necessary for the formation of healthy cells nevertheless, high amounts of cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease. High cholesterol causes fatty deposits to form in the blood vessels, making it difficult for blood to circulate through the arteries. These deposits can rupture unexpectedly and create a clot, resulting in a heart attack or stroke.

Vascular Disease

Hypertension Learn More

What Exactly Is Hypertension?
Hypertension is characterised by persistently elevated blood pressure. Hypertension is caused by a complicated interaction between genes and environmental factors. high salt in the diet, high body weight, smoking and excessive alcohol intake are all risk factors. Uncontrolled hypertension can result in a heart attack, stroke and other health issues.

Lifestyle Genomics

Diabetes

Diabetic Cataract Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Cataract?
Diabetes cataract is a disorder that causes blindness in diabetes people. A cataract is a thick, hazy region that develops in the eye's lens. Cataract patients compare seeing through clouded lenses to gazing through a frosty or fogged-up window. Cataracts are caused by tissue degradation and protein clumping. Nuclear cataract develops gradually as the core zone of the lens, also known as the nucleus, hardens and yellows. This hardness and yellowing will spread to the other layers of the lens over time.

Diabetic Nephropathy Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease induced by elevated blood glucose levels (diabetes mellitus). This happens due to diabetes damaging the body's arteries, after which the kidney filters blood from those very arteries.

Diabetic Neuropathy Learn More

Definition of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetes causes a class of nerve illnesses known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes can cause nerve damage throughout the body. Some persons with nerve injury have no symptoms others may have pain, tingling, or numbness, as well as loss of feeling in their hands, arms, feet and legs. Nerve issues can affect any organ system, including the digestive tract, heart and genitalia.

Diabetic Retinopathy Learn More

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetic eye condition. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye (retina). These blood arteries might expand and leak, or they can close, preventing blood from passing through. On occasion, aberrant new blood vessels form on the surface of the retina.

Foot Ulcers Learn More

What are Foot Ulcers?
Certain degrees of nerve injury frequently result in inadequate regeneration of damaged skin, which would recover normally under optimal conditions. In diabetes patients, the poor healing process can be ascribed to high or often variable blood sugar levels. As a result, even minor injuries can result in a foot ulcer in this situation.

Type II Diabetes Learn More

What Exactly Is Type II Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, also known as Type II Diabetes, is a disorder in which the body's capacity to process blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is impaired. Insulin transports sugar from the blood into cells, where it is stored or utilised for energy. With type II diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use the insulin that it does produce adequately. Diabetes, if not managed properly, can cause a buildup of sugars in the blood, increasing the risk of hazardous consequences such as stroke, heart disease and damage to the eyes, kidneys and other organs.

Cardiovascular Disease Learn More

Definition of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for illnesses affecting the heart or blood arteries. It has also been linked to artery damage in organs like as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.

Weight Management

Obesity Learn More

What Exactly Is Obesity?
Obesity is a disorder characterised by excessive body fat that raises the risk of health complications. Obesity is frequently caused by consuming more calories than are burnt by exercise and typical everyday activities. Obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than 30. Excess body fat raises the likelihood of significant health problems.

Lipid Metabolism

Triglyceride Levels Learn More

What Do Triglyceride Levels Mean?
Triglycerides are a substantial component of human body fat. Triglycerides contain fatty acids, which are an important source of energy for our body's cells. Triglyceride concentrations in the blood can be examined and can provide useful information about metabolism and overall health excessive levels may indicate underlying metabolic abnormalities and research suggests that high blood triglycerides are related with an increased risk of heart disease. Fasting triglyceride levels less than 150 mg/dl are considered normal.

Cholesterol Levels Learn More

What Do Cholesterol Levels Mean?
Cholesterol is a waxy molecule that is found in the blood. Although your body requires cholesterol to build healthy cells, high cholesterol levels can increase your risk of heart disease. High cholesterol might cause fatty deposits in your blood vessels. These deposits eventually accumulate, making it harder for adequate blood to circulate through your arteries. These deposits can rupture unexpectedly and create a clot, resulting in a heart attack or stroke. There are various forms of cholesterol: VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol.

Allergies

Nasal Allergy

Allergic Rhinitis Learn More

What Precisely Is Allergic Rhinitis?
Allergic Rhinitis, often known as Hay Fever, is a symptom of allergies and other diseases. Rhinitis can be seasonal or perennial, depending on the type of allergy that produces it. Allergic rhinitis is distinguished by four key symptoms: excessive mucus in the nasal cavity, nasal itching, sneezing and nasal blockage. When exposed to an allergen, the immune system responds in two stages. Sneezing and mucus filling occur in about 30 minutes in the first stage, followed by nasal obstruction in about 4-5 hours.

Olive Pollen Allergy Learn More

Definition of Olive Pollen Allergy
Allergy is an excessive immune system response to a non-pathogenic chemical. One of the most common causes of seasonal respiratory allergies is olive pollen. When the body comes into touch with olive pollen, it produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules that are unique to the olive pollen. This results in inflammatory changes in the body, most notably hives. Certain genetic differences play a significant influence in the development of olive pollen allergy.

Asthama Learn More

What Exactly Is Asthma?
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs' airways. Asthma can be caused by allergic or non-allergic factors. People who live in extremely polluted locations are more likely to get asthma. Non-allergic causes of asthma include activity, drugs, disease and other factors. These triggers force the lungs to tighten, resulting in an exceedingly small airway. Asthma is also characterised by inflammation of the smooth muscles inside the airway, which narrows it even further. Excess mucus in the airway also limits air flow via the bronchioles, making breathing harder for asthmatic patients.

Skin Allergy

Latex Allergy Learn More

What Essentially Is Latex Allergy?
Latex is a synthetic rubber that resembles natural rubber. It is used to make gloves and even clothes. Constant interaction with these products can result in the development of a latex allergy. The immune system of the body responds exaggeratedly to a non-pathogenic trigger known as an allergen in allergic disorders. Latex becomes the allergy in this case. The body creates particular molecules known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules in response to the latex allergen. When exposed to the same allergen again, the inflammatory symptoms will worsen.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis Learn More

Description of Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a kind of non-allergic contact dermatitis. It occurs when the skin is exposed to irritants, which destroy the skin's outer protective layer. The irritants cause inflammatory changes by releasing mediators from the cells. Solvents, shampoo, detergents, bleach, airborne pollutants such as sawdust or wool dust, plants, fertilisers and pesticides are examples of common irritants. The severity of dermatitis can range from mild to severe depending on the duration and intensity of the irritating exposure.

Food Allergy

Peanut Allergy Learn More

What Exactly Is Peanut Allergy?
A common food allergy is peanut allergy. It is distinguished by a hypersensitivity reaction to peanut proteins, which results in an immune system overreaction and severe medical symptoms. Peanut allergy can cause a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction, even if only a little amount of the allergen is consumed.

Hens Egg Allergy Learn More

What Causes Hen's Egg Allergy?
One of the most frequent food allergies is hen's egg allergy. The immune system of the organism overreacts to a specific protein found in the egg. When antibodies recognise these proteins, they transmit a signal to the immune system, causing it to release histamines and other substances that cause inflammation in the body. Certain genetic variants are involved in the development of Hen's egg allergy.

Description of Test

Our advanced genetic testing panels provide in-depth, clinically relevant insights into how your DNA influences health, disease risk, behaviour, and treatment response. Each test is designed to evaluate specific genetic traits, enabling early risk identification, personalised prevention strategies, and informed medical and lifestyle decisions.

Haematological Disorders (8 traits): Screens for inherited blood disorders affecting clotting, red and white blood cell function, platelet activity, and anaemia risk.

Gastrointestinal Disorders (11 traits): Identifies genetic risks related to digestion, nutrient absorption, food intolerances, IBS, inflammatory and autoimmune gut conditions.

Immunology (18 traits): Assesses inherited immune deficiencies and autoimmune risk factors, supporting early intervention and long-term immune health management.

Cardiovascular (26 traits): Analyses genes linked to inherited heart conditions, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest risk, lipid metabolism, and vascular health, supporting early screening and family risk assessment.

Lifestyle Genomics (10 traits): Provides insights into metabolism, vitamin utilisation, skin health, behavioural traits, mental wellbeing, and sport suitability for lifestyle optimisation.

Allergies (7 traits): Identifies inherited risks related to food allergies, environmental allergens, pollen sensitivity, skin irritation, and respiratory responses, supporting proactive allergy management and avoidance strategies.

All panels together provide a comprehensive, detailed report you will receive after taking this DNA test, empowering proactive healthcare decisions, personalised treatment planning, and long-term wellbeing.

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