Dermatology

Morphology & Texture

Acne Learn More

Defining acne
One of the most frequent dermatological disorders is acne, or acne vulgaris. It affects the pilosebaceous unit, which consists of the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland. It primarily affects the face and trunk and is characterised by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts and/or scarring. Sebum production is raised as a result of hormonal changes, which also produce acne of variable severity.

Alopecia Learn More

Understanding Alopecia
The skin disorder known as alopecia is characterised by unexpected hair loss. Alopecia areata (AA) and androgenic alopecia (AGA) are the two kinds of alopecia. AA is a skin-specific, T cell-dependent autoimmune illness that causes hair loss. Hair loss and a receding hairline are features of AGA. Although it is not understood how it causes hair loss, it is thought to be brought on by an increase in the activation of androgen receptors in hair follicles. However, its connection to conditions linked to elevated levels of androgen, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and prostate cancer and coronary heart disease in men.

Striae Distensae Learn More

Description of Striae Distensae.
Stretch marks, also known as striae distensae, are a type of skin scarring that appears as erythematous (red), violaceous, or hypopigmented linear striations (means a series of ridges, furrows, or linear marks) when the dermis (the inner layer of skin) is stretched as a result of a rapid change in shape from weight gain or growth. Strates rubra and striates alba are the two main varieties of striae distensae. Striae rubra are striae distensae that are acute in nature and have an erythematous (red) to violaceous colour. Striae alba, which first seems hypopigmented, atrophic and scar-like, develop from striae rubra over time.

Autoimmune Disorders

Pemphigus Foliaceus Learn More

Understanding Pemphigus foliaceus
An acquired autoimmune blistering condition called Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) happens when the immune system generates antibodies against the skin and mucous membranes. Blisters, wounds and crusty areas on the skin and mucous membranes are some of its hallmark symptoms. PF typically manifests on the scalp, upper chest and back. Idiopathic PF, which affects everyone and Fogo Selvagem, which affects people from specific geographic areas, are the two main kinds of PF.

Psoriasis Learn More

Defining psoriasis
An autoimmune skin condition called psoriasis causes skin cells to develop more quickly. Small scaling areas and red skin patches coated in thick, silvery scales are its defining features. The overproduction of healthy skin cells as a result of an overactive immune system's T-cell (immune cell) attacks on healthy skin cells causes scaly patches, redness and occasionally pus to appear on the skin. Cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and psoriatic arthritis are additional psoriasis-related ailments that shorten life expectancy.

Vitiligo Learn More

Identifying vitiligo
Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition that results in milky white areas on the skin and is brought on by the death of melanocytes, the cells that produce colour. Segmental and non-segmental vitiligo are the two different kinds. The most prevalent type of vitiligo, non-segmental, is distinguished by symmetrical, bilateral white patches. Segmental vitiligo lesions are distinguished by an early age of onset and a unilateral segmental or band-shaped distribution.

Chronic Inflammatory Condition

Eczema Learn More

Understanding eczema
Different medical diseases that cause skin inflammation are referred to as eczema. The most typical kind of eczema is called atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition that is frequently linked to asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergies. Early childhood is when AD typically first appears and those with a family history of the disorder are more likely to develop it. Extremes in temperature are not well tolerated by AD patients and can cause sweating, dry skin and itchy skin. Wool has been discovered to be a known AD trigger in children.

Photoaging

Sun Spots Learn More

Defining sun spots
Sunspots are flat, brown spots that appear on exposed skin, such as the backs of the hands, shoulders and face. They are harmless and non-cancerous. Except for cosmetic reasons, they do not require treatment or offer any health risks. These areas of discolouration have a tan or brown appearance. Although some people may get them earlier or later in life, depending on how much sun exposure they have had, they often begin to show around the age of 40.

Sunburns Learn More

Sunburn and damage it causes
The skin's response to excessive UV radiation exposure, whether from natural or artificial sources, is sunburn. Red, swollen patches appear on the exposed skin as a symptom. Sunburn development is influenced by the strength of the ultraviolet rays and a person's ability to generate melanin genetically. Low melanin levels in fair-skinned individuals allow UV rays to get through the top layer of skin and directly damage DNA, inducing a number of defence responses.

Tanning Ability Learn More

What exactly is Tanning ability?
Your skin's ability to tan is a defence mechanism against excessive UV exposure. The skin produces more melanin and distributes it to the area that is damaged, protecting the DNA from further deterioration. People who are adept at tanning have a lower chance of developing skin cancer and can develop a light-coverage natural tan. Red or blond hair, blue eyes and light complexion all affect a person's ability to tan. The risk of skin cancer is considerably increased by excessive UV exposure and a reduced ability to tan.

Xeroderma Pigmentosum Learn More

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterised by excessive sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in sunburn, pigment changes in the skin and a significantly increased incidence of skin malignancies. The skin and eyes are both impacted by this uncommon hereditary condition. Skin cancer and other skin issues are more likely in people with XP due to their higher susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun and other causes. Mutations in one of the many genes involved in repairing DNA damage brought on by UV radiation are what lead to the illness. Due to the autosomal recessive nature of the disorder's inheritance, a person must inherit two copies of the defective gene-one from each parent-in order to be affected.

Hormonal Genomics

Pitutiary Disorders

Acromegaly Learn More

What is Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that develops when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone during adulthood. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults and in this condition, bones increase in size, including those of your hands, feet and face it could cause increased pressure on joints, thereby increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis. In children with an active growth cycle, excess growth hormone levels can cause a condition called gigantism. Such children have exaggerated bone growth and an abnormal increase in height. Acromegaly could cause hypertension and increase the risk of developing diabetes.

Growth Hormone Deficiency Learn More

What is Growth Hormone Deficiency
Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) is a rare disorder characterized by the inadequate secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland. GHD can be present from birth (congenital), resulting from genetic mutations or from structural defects in the brain it can also be acquired later in life as a result of trauma, infection, radiation therapy, or tumor growth within the brain.

Adrenal Disorders

Addison's Disease Learn More

What is Addison's Disease
Addison's Disease or Adrenal insufficiency is a pathological condition wherein the adrenal glands are unable to sufficiently produce adrenal hormones, mainly cortisol other hormones affected include aldosterone and testosterone. Cortisol is known to affect every organ and tissue in the body it plays a major role in maintaining blood pressure, cardiovascular function, immune system and inflammatory response. Addison's Disease can potentially be a life-threatening condition.

Primary Aldosteronism Learn More

What is Primary Aldosteronism (Hyperaldosteronism)
Primary Aldosteronism is a condition characterized by overproduction of the adrenal hormone 'aldosterone'. This in turn causes increase in sodium levels, causing hypertension and decrease in potassium levels, resulting in hypokalemia and impaired nerve and muscle function in the body. The main causes are benign tumor growth on the adrenal glands or overactivity of both adrenal glands. Hypertension can lead to further complications such as cardiovascular diseases and kidney diseases.

Pediatric Disorder

Pediatric Obesity Learn More

What is Pediatric Obesity
Pediatric or childhood obesity is a growing global epidemic that requires attention due to the burden on healthcare system for children and adults. Obesity is characterized by having a high fat composition and a BMI of 30 and above. It is a result of imbalance between energy intake and its expenditure. Hormones can play a role in increase or decrease of food intake, energy expenditure and other metabolic changes that may change body composition due to increase in fat, cholesterol, or glucose levels. Obesity increases the risk of other conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, breathing disorders and depression.

Congenital Hypothyroidism Learn More

What is Congenital Hypothyroidism
Congenital hypothyroidism is a partial or complete loss of function of the thyroid gland that affects infants from birth. It occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly, resulting in lower than normal levels of thyroid hormones. Sometimes, the pituitary gland fails to send signals to produce thyroid hormones. If the condition is not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, it can result in irreversible neurological problems and poor growth. Genetic causes account for about 15 to 20 percent of cases of congenital hypothyroidism.

Women's Health

Endometriosis (Women Only) Learn More

What is Endometriosis
The endometrium is a tissue lining the inner wall of the uterus. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Even outside the uterus, the endometrial tissue is functional and can thicken and bleed, mimicking normal tissue function. This condition can cause irritation and inflammation in other organs.

Leiomyoma (Women Only) Learn More

What is Leiomyoma
Leiomyoma, also known as uterine fibroid, is a common benign tumor of the uterus. Tumors can be numerous and large but typically remain benign. Hormones like estrogen and progesterone are believed to be the factors responsible for uterine fibroids, as they stimulate the growth of uterine lining. Leiomyomas are common in reproductive-aged women and may potentially cause infertility or pregnancy-related complications.

PCOS (Women Only) Learn More

What is PCOS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by the formation of cysts in the ovaries and an irregularity or failure in ovulation which can cause irregular periods. It is one of the most common causes of female infertility. Although its exact cause is unknown, potential causes include excess production of androgens and hormonal imbalances of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Early Ovarian Failure (Women) Learn More

What is Premature Ovarian Failure
Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), also known as early menopause, is characterized by the cessation of menses before the age of 40 years. It results from a rapid decrease or complete exhaustion of eggs from follicles in the ovaries and can cause fertility issues. Due to POF, the ovaries are unable to produce the required amounts of ovarian hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Hormonal imbalances can further cause hormone-related complications such as osteoporosis and heart diseases.

Men's Health

Erectile Dysfunction (Men Only) Learn More

What is Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is the frequent or consistent inability to develop or sustain a penile erection that is satisfactory for engaging in sexual intercourse. While most men occasionally fail to get an erection or lose one prematurely during sexual activity, some men suffer from these problems regularly. Erectile dysfunction could cause hormonal imbalances such as low testosterone, high prolactin and abnormal thyroid hormone levels. Erectile dysfunction could also result in chronic liver or kidney conditions affecting blood vessels and nerves.

Low Testosterone (Men Only) Learn More

What is Low Testosterone
Testosterone is the male sex hormone produced by the testes and it is important for normal male sexual development and functions. In puberty, testosterone helps in the development of male features like body and facial hair, deeper voice and muscle strength testosterone is also required for sperm production. The condition in which there is low testosterone levels is called Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome (TD) or Low Testosterone (Low-T). Low testosterone levels can interfere with sexual function and moods. Older men tend to have low blood testosterone levels as levels generally decrease with age.

Male Infertility (Men Only) Learn More

What is Male Infertility
Male infertility is due to low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm, causing difficulty in or the loss of ability for conception. Sperm abnormality can be either due to an unusually short life span of the sperm and/or low mobility. Infertility may also result from a hormone deficiency.

Prostate Enlargement (Men Only) Learn More

What is Prostate Enlargement
Prostate enlargement or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland becomes enlarged and is not cancerous. The prostate goes through two main growth periods as a man ages first occurs early in puberty, when the prostate doubles in size and the second phase begins around the age of 25 and continues throughout most of a man's life. Enlargement often occurs with the second growth phase. Imbalance of testosterone levels can lead to prostate enlargement. As the prostate enlarges, the gland presses against the urethra, weakening the bladder and eventually, one may lose the ability to empty the bladder completely.

Gynecomastia (Men Only) Learn More

What is Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is the most common breast condition in males it is characterized by generalized enlargement of the breast tissue with the presence of a rubbery or firm mass extending from the nipple. The most important cause of gynecomastia is an imbalance between the levels of estrogen and androgen. Other causes include conditions that interfere with testosterone levels in the body and hormonal changes which occur as a part of ageing. Gynecomastia can occur in the neonatal, pubertal and older ages.

Thyroid Related Disorders

Goiter Learn More

What is Goiter
Goiter is the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is usually painless, however, a large Goiter cause difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Goiter can occur when the thyroid gland produces either excess thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), insufficient (hypothyroidism) levels of the thyroid hormone, or may occur even with a normal production of thyroid hormone. Goiter could be caused due to a lack of iodine in diets, consumption of a diet with Goiter-promoting foods, or when the pituitary gland stimulates thyroid growth. Goiter could affect the female population significantly more than the male population.

Graves' Disease Learn More

What is Graves' Disease
Graves' Disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, leading to thyroid enlargement and increased thyroid hormone production. There is an increase in the fraction of triiodothyronine hormone (T3) relative to thyroxine hormone (T4). Graves' disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Women are at an increased risk of developing Graves' Disease.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Learn More

What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland. This leads to the development of hypothyroidism, though the disease may occur with a normal thyroid activity. Hashimoto's disease can be detected chemically by the presence of antibodies, rise in TSH level, or low blood levels of thyroid hormones.

Hypothyroidism Learn More

What is Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition resulting from the deficiency of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones play a major role in metabolism and have a direct effect on your body's temperature, heartbeat and metabolism. There are two types of hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism is caused due to problems with the thyroid gland and secondary hypothyroidism occurs due to a failure in adequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion from the pituitary gland or in the secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus.

Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes Learn More

What is Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition wherein women without a previous diagnosis of diabetes exhibit abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy. During pregnancy, rise in placental hormones causes the body to become slightly resistant to insulin so that more sugar is available in the blood to be passed to the fetus. If insulin resistance increases, it causes abnormally high sugar levels in the bloodstream, resulting in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 Diabetes Learn More

What is Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and a form of diabetes wherein the body produces little or no insulin. Contrastingly, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, insulin is produced but the cells of the body become resistant to insulin or lose the ability of insulin responsiveness. Complications associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus are cardiovascular diseases, nerve damage, kidney damage, eye damage, skin conditions and osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis and Bone Health Disorders

Postmenopausal (Women only) Learn More

What is Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal women
Osteoporosis is a condition in which a low bone mass and altered microarchitecture of the bone leads to increased risk of fracture. At menopause the normal bone turnover cycle is impaired by estrogen deficiency. The amount of bone resorbed exceeds the amount deposited, which leads to a net loss of bone.

Osteoporosis Learn More

What is Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition in which a low bone mass and an altered microarchitecture of the bone leads to increased risk of fracture. Primary osteoporosis refers to osteoporotic conditions which are not related to other chronic illnesses and is usually associated with aging and decreased gonadal function such as decreased level of estrogen. In contrast, secondary osteoporosis is the type of osteoporosis caused by other health problems. Osteoporosis could be caused by hormonal imbalances of the parathyroid hormone, low levels of sex hormone, or imbalances in pituitary hormones. High concentrations of the thyroid hormone can lead to increased bone breakdown compared to bone formation, which affects bone density and causes osteoporosis.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Learn More

What is Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid glands are about the size of a grain of rice and are located in the neck; the glands produce the parathyroid hormone. Primary Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which there is an excess production and release of the parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream due to overactivity of one or more of the body's four parathyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone maintains an appropriate balance of calcium in the bloodstream and in tissues that depend on calcium for proper functioning.

Lifestyle Genomics

Diabetes

Diabetic Cataract Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Cataract?
Diabetes cataract is a disorder that causes blindness in diabetes people. A cataract is a thick, hazy region that develops in the eye's lens. Cataract patients compare seeing through clouded lenses to gazing through a frosty or fogged-up window. Cataracts are caused by tissue degradation and protein clumping. Nuclear cataract develops gradually as the core zone of the lens, also known as the nucleus, hardens and yellows. This hardness and yellowing will spread to the other layers of the lens over time.

Diabetic Nephropathy Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease induced by elevated blood glucose levels (diabetes mellitus). This happens due to diabetes damaging the body's arteries, after which the kidney filters blood from those very arteries.

Diabetic Neuropathy Learn More

Definition of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetes causes a class of nerve illnesses known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes can cause nerve damage throughout the body. Some persons with nerve injury have no symptoms others may have pain, tingling, or numbness, as well as loss of feeling in their hands, arms, feet and legs. Nerve issues can affect any organ system, including the digestive tract, heart and genitalia.

Diabetic Retinopathy Learn More

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetic eye condition. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye (retina). These blood arteries might expand and leak, or they can close, preventing blood from passing through. On occasion, aberrant new blood vessels form on the surface of the retina.

Foot Ulcers Learn More

What are Foot Ulcers?
Certain degrees of nerve injury frequently result in inadequate regeneration of damaged skin, which would recover normally under optimal conditions. In diabetes patients, the poor healing process can be ascribed to high or often variable blood sugar levels. As a result, even minor injuries can result in a foot ulcer in this situation.

Type II Diabetes Learn More

What Exactly Is Type II Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, also known as Type II Diabetes, is a disorder in which the body's capacity to process blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is impaired. Insulin transports sugar from the blood into cells, where it is stored or utilised for energy. With type II diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use the insulin that it does produce adequately. Diabetes, if not managed properly, can cause a buildup of sugars in the blood, increasing the risk of hazardous consequences such as stroke, heart disease and damage to the eyes, kidneys and other organs.

Cardiovascular Disease Learn More

Definition of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for illnesses affecting the heart or blood arteries. It has also been linked to artery damage in organs like as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.

Weight Management

Obesity Learn More

What Exactly Is Obesity?
Obesity is a disorder characterised by excessive body fat that raises the risk of health complications. Obesity is frequently caused by consuming more calories than are burnt by exercise and typical everyday activities. Obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than 30. Excess body fat raises the likelihood of significant health problems.

Lipid Metabolism

Triglyceride Levels Learn More

What Do Triglyceride Levels Mean?
Triglycerides are a substantial component of human body fat. Triglycerides contain fatty acids, which are an important source of energy for our body's cells. Triglyceride concentrations in the blood can be examined and can provide useful information about metabolism and overall health excessive levels may indicate underlying metabolic abnormalities and research suggests that high blood triglycerides are related with an increased risk of heart disease. Fasting triglyceride levels less than 150 mg/dl are considered normal.

Cholesterol Levels Learn More

What Do Cholesterol Levels Mean?
Cholesterol is a waxy molecule that is found in the blood. Although your body requires cholesterol to build healthy cells, high cholesterol levels can increase your risk of heart disease. High cholesterol might cause fatty deposits in your blood vessels. These deposits eventually accumulate, making it harder for adequate blood to circulate through your arteries. These deposits can rupture unexpectedly and create a clot, resulting in a heart attack or stroke. There are various forms of cholesterol: VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol.

Personality Traits

Cognition

Mathematical Ability Learn More

Definition of Mathematical Ability
The capacity to learn and comprehend mathematical concepts and skills is referred to as mathematical ability. It is also the capacity to process and remember mathematical data and information. It can also be seen as the capacity to perform well on mathematical tasks and efficiently solve mathematical problems. The foundation of science, technology and engineering is mathematics, which is also distinctively human at more advanced levels (such as number theory and algebra). A person's competence in mathematics can be crucial in many facets of life. Even though other animals have shown signs of numerosity, only humans are capable of complicated mathematics.

Cognitive Ability Learn More

Assessing Cognitive Ability
The mental capacity to adjust oneself to newly learned knowledge is known as cognitive ability. It is more interested in the processes involved in knowing, remembering, learning, abstract thought, problem-solving and reasoning than it is in the knowledge itself. Planning, understanding difficult concepts and learning from experience are additional requirements. People with high cognitive abilities are better able to learn and understand information, which is necessary for them to do their jobs to the greatest standards.

Motor Learning and Performance Learn More

Defining Motor Learning and Performance
For one to operate and carry out daily tasks effectively, one must be able to learn and use motor abilities. This capacity is particularly important for rehabilitation when dealing with neuropsychiatric diseases. These processes are significantly influenced by neural plasticity, which is the capacity of neurons (brain cells) to adapt their structure and function in response to changes in their environment. An individual's capacity for learning and performing motor tasks may be influenced by genes that play significant roles in various brain processes, including learning and memory.

Memory Processing Learn More

The definition of memory processing
The capacity to encode information, store it and retrieve it as needed is known as memory processing. Retention of information has an impact on actions and occurrences in the future and memory is important for experiences. Alterations in the genes and neural processes involved in long-term information processing and storage are the main reasons of poor memory retention. Our capability to retain information alive and accessible for reference strongly influences our ability to engage with our surroundings successfully. Memory processing is a highly sophisticated and inheritable trait that is essential for attention and following directions as well as other high-level functions.

Reading Ability Learn More

What Exactly Is Reading Ability?
The ability to process literature, comprehend its meaning and apply it to one's prior knowledge is referred to as reading ability. This may depend on a person's capacity for quick and effortless word recognition as well as their intellectual development, which can affect how they organise their thoughts. One may understand and interpret text on any reading material with the use of reading skills.

Visual Ability Learn More

Understanding Visual Capability
Based on cognition, visual ability is the capacity to distinguish between and recognise faces, words and things. The interaction between the eyes and the brain is known as vision. It enables us to comprehend what we observe. The ability to adapt to and respond to changes in the environment is also a component of vision. One component of visual aptitude is the recognition of facial expressions, which is crucial for human social development. It aids in comprehending how things are similar and different. The capacity to associate colours and shapes is another aspect of it.

Language Ability Learn More

Explaining Language Ability
One's genes play a role in determining one's potential to build highly sophisticated linguistic systems, but one's environment can also have an impact. Language ability involves the connections that are made between procedural memory, sound pattern learning and grammar learning. The main reason why people have such wide variations in their language abilities is probably due to how the human brain is organised and some peripheral organs that are necessary for the language system. By putting the brain under stress to understand, negotiate meanings and communicate in various linguistic systems, learning a foreign language helps it work more effectively.

Risk Taking Learn More

Defining Risk-Taking
Actions involving danger or risk that could have unpleasant or unwanted outcomes are referred to as risk-taking. Any conscious or unconscious behaviour with a lack of clarity about the results or potential rewards qualifies. Neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to a propensity for taking risks. The tasks connected to self-reported real-life risk behaviours are used to assess the risk-taking propensities. Substance abuse is a risk-taking behaviour that is sometimes connected with unfavourable results. The physical, financial, or psycho-social well-being of oneself or others may be harmed by such behaviour.

Insightfulness Learn More

What Exactly Is Insightfulness?
A clear, profound and occasionally abrupt comprehension of a challenging issue or circumstance is referred to as insight. It is generally accepted that the change in organisational thinking on the issue and how it is represented occurred on the spur of the moment. An person may also refer to it as flexibility in divergent thought. One's ability to think critically can change as a result of changes in the dopamine-related circuits, which may also result in less effective problem-solving.

Decision-Making Ability Learn More

How Decision-Making Ability works
The ability to make decisions is a subset of cognitive ability and information improves decision-making. The three main functions of the brain are cognition, intelligence and decision-making. Daily decisions we make can help us become better decision-makers. Decisions are made either logically or intuitively, or often both at once. A person's capacity for information identification and problem-solving makes up their decision-making ability.

Resilience Learn More

Defining Resilience
Resilience is the capacity to cope effectively with short-term stress, long-term trauma, or other types of adversity. Dopamine levels rise when a person encounters a negative stimuli. Dopamine, however, only works in moderate doses. The optimal level of dopamine is maintained by certain enzymes. Anxiety and impulsive behaviour can be brought on by high amounts of dopamine remaining in the body for prolonged periods of time as a result of changes in the structure of these enzymes. The brain engages numerous neural circuits to adjust to the demand when a situation is deemed stressful. Short-term or long-term alterations might result in resilience or adaptation to stress.

Stress Response Learn More

Stress Response Definition
The capacity to cope well with acute stress, trauma, or persistent kinds of adversity is known as the stress response or stress adaption. Dopamine levels rise when a person encounters a negative input, but dopamine is only useful in little doses. The optimal level of dopamine is maintained by certain enzymes. Anxiety and impulsive behaviour can be brought on by high amounts of dopamine remaining in the body for prolonged periods of time as a result of changes in the structure of these enzymes. The brain engages numerous neural circuits to adjust to the demand when a situation is deemed stressful. Short-term or long-term alterations might result from stress adaptation.

Imagination Learn More

Our Imagination
Humans can explore ideas and concepts that are not now part of their everyday life thanks to their imagination. Imagination can be artificial or original. Utilising synthetic imagination involves blending thoughts and real experiences that a person has had. Conversely, having a creative imagination involves thinking like a child and the capacity to perceive something that does not currently exist. Everyone is capable of using their imagination to some extent. Different people have varying degrees of this skill. It may be extremely developed for some people and appear weaker in others.

Temperament

Gambling Risk Learn More

What is the Risk of Gambling?
With symptoms resembling those of substance abuse disorders, pathological gambling is essentially an impulse control disease. A certain section of the brain is linked to the neurobiological basis of gambling risk injury to this region might result in a person making decisions that are very dangerous. Studies have shown a genetic influence on the emergence of pathological gambling, along with various other biological aspects. Significant psychological and psychiatric health problems have been connected to gambling risk generally speaking, accessibility to gambling activities tends to enhance its prevalence. One might take preventive actions by having awareness of their propensity for gambling.

Aggression Learn More

Defining aggression
Anger that has a threatening or domineering quality, or physical or verbal actions that could cause harm to someone or something, are all examples of aggression. A chemical called serotonin aids in controlling mood and behaviour. Any genetic abnormalities that affect serotonin's ability to act normally might increase or decrease aggressive behaviour, with those who have lower serotonin levels being more prone to it. Clinical indicators of aggressive behaviour include short-term stomach discomfort, a quick heartbeat, perspiration, sensations of stress and tension, an inability to maintain calm, an easy tendency to become offended and feelings of embarrassment.

Harm Avoidance Learn More

Defining Harm Avoidance
A temperamental feature known as harm avoidance is characterised by apprehension, scepticism, excessive concern and pessimism, typically in response to indications of punishment or irritable non-reward. Harm avoidance might manifest as anxiety and worry about potential problems and issues, reserve in social situations, or dread of the unknown. Even in settings that typically do not affect persons with low damage avoidance scores, people with a high level of pain avoidance have a tendency to be socially restrained, cautious, reserved, apprehensive, tense, afraid, quickly exhausted and gloomy.

Impulsivity Learn More

Understanding Impulsivity
In situations where a more deliberate response is typically more suitable, impulsivity is a hasty reaction. In the brain, dopamine and serotonin play crucial roles imbalances or genetic variations in these roles may have an impact on one's mental health. Numerous psychiatric and mood illnesses can cause impulsivity the severity of impulsive behaviour can differ from person to person and can also depend on age. Impulsive behaviour can make someone aggressive, impatient, risk-taking, overreact to their own errors, or engage in drug or alcohol misuse they might also fail to consider the effects of their actions.

Neuroticism Learn More

What Exactly Is Neuroticism?
One of The Big 5 personality qualities is neuroticism. People who score highly on the neuroticism scale are more likely to be moody, irritable, depressed, lonely and they may also regularly feel angry, worried, guilty, afraid, anxious and lonely. They tend to perceive everyday circumstances as threats more often. High neuroticism indices increase the likelihood of developing mood and anxiety problems in individuals. These people frequently react poorly to stimuli and can be extremely sensitive to environmental stress. While those with low neuroticism scores are more likely to remain composed and even-tempered under pressure.

Novelty Seeking Learn More

Describe novelty seeking
A person who exhibits novelty seeking has a strong preference for exploratory activities and is usually receptive to trying new things. This has been connected to dopaminergic brain activity. People who exhibit high degrees of novelty-seeking behaviour may not enjoy tedious or predictable lives and have a propensity for novelty. Additionally, this can make them more likely to abuse tobacco, alcohol, or drugs they might favour stimulating activities and shun social situations. People who don't enjoy novelty tend to resist change and adhere to a predetermined set of rules.

Reward Dependence Learn More

How Does Reward Dependence Work?
Reward Dependence is a behavioural propensity towards incentives, particularly indications of social support, sympathy and approbation. People with high reward dependence tend to be kindhearted, sensitive, reliant on others and gregarious. People with low reward dependence tend to be practical, unyielding, cold, oblivious to others' feelings, impulsive and uncaring when they are by themselves. We observe the emergence of numerous personalities and addictive disorders when degrees of reward dependency diverge from normal.

Trustfulness Learn More

What is the definition of trustworthiness?
All human interactions depend on trust, which is also one of the most significant ethical virtues. It has a significant impact on many facets of a person's life, including sexual relationships, family relationships, workplace productivity, political participation and medical procedures. It could be a belief in the likelihood that someone will act a specific way, a sense of assurance and security that a partner is concerned, or a sophisticated neurological mechanism including emotions. Any alteration in one's trust behaviour is frequently indicative of their attitude and personality. Trustworthiness is governed by standards and values that are accepted in society.

Withdrawn Behaviour Learn More

How Do You Define Withdrawn Behaviour?
A personality trait called withdrawal comprises the propensity to avoid unfamiliar or strange persons, places, or circumstances. Although a temperamental propensity towards inhibition towards unknown situations can lead to withdrawal, fear over potential negative criticism or a conditioned avoidance response can also be important variables affecting such behaviour. People who have a high propensity for withdrawing from others could prefer isolation and avoid activities with unknown elements. Such behaviour may eventually develop into a conditioned response and be linked to unpleasant experiences.

Animal Lover Learn More

What exactly is an animal lover
Evolutionary, physiological and psychological factors frequently serve as the foundation for human interactions with animals. The degree of interaction with animals, sociocultural factors and cognitive processes all have an impact on how people feel about them. Interpersonal relationships help people act and think positively. Empathy for animals among people is associated with pro-social behaviour and social organisation. Research has also shown that interactions between humans and animals typically have positive outcomes for both parties. Research has shown a genetic influence in those who tend to display more compassion for animals, along with other influences like early life events, personality and religious and cultural beliefs.

Empathy Learn More

Defining Empathy
Empathy is the capacity to comprehend another person's emotions and experiences, frequently by placing oneself in that person's shoes without really being in that circumstance oneself. In social relationships at all stages of life, empathy is essential. It boosts one's propensity to be kind and empathetic. Empathy comes in three flavours: compassionate, emotional and cognitive. Emotional empathy is the capacity to actually experience another person's feelings, while compassionate empathy is the capacity to recognise another person's suffering and act to alleviate it. Cognitive empathy is the capacity to put oneself in another person's shoes and see things from their perspective.

Happiness Learn More

What exactly is happiness?
For the majority of people, achieving happiness is one of their most important goals and as a result, they frequently take conscious or unconscious steps to raise their levels of happiness. Happiness can be a constant emotional state or a passing emotional state. Materialistic things and opportunistic actions that are impacted by various life situations might lead to momentary satisfaction. While one's level of life satisfaction is crucial for maintaining happiness, how satisfied or unsatisfied a person may feel mostly depends on how they feel about their lives, which is in part determined by heredity.

Social Skills

Self-Confidence Learn More

Self Confidence traits explained
Self-confidence is the idea that one can effectively handle the obstacles and demands of day-to-day life. It is the trust that one has in one's own abilities, capacities and judgements. It is more frequently described as a wide-ranging and more constant quality pertaining to a person's judgements of their total capacity. This could rise as a result of successes and experiences of having mastered tasks. One may feel more energised and inspired to complete or attain their goals if they have greater self-confidence. Self-confidence can be displayed in a variety of ways, including behaviour, body language and speech and action patterns.

Optimism Learn More

Defining optimism
The capacity to view things positively and anticipate positive outcomes is optimism. It alludes to having an upbeat attitude. Optimists are more likely to focus on the positive rather than become mired in the negative. Optimism has an indirect impact on quality of life through the use of particular coping mechanisms. People with optimism typically have reduced propensities for depression and other forms of psychological suffering. There is evidence that folks with higher levels of optimism have better quality of life than those with lower levels.

Parenting Learn More

What Is Parenting?
Parenting involves guiding a child's growth and development, which includes their emotional, social, physical and intellectual well-being. Healthy growth depends greatly on the nature of the bond between parents and their children. Although there are numerous other elements that might affect a person's growth and development, including genetics, cognitive capacity, culture, social environment, peer group, etc., parenting also plays a significant role in shaping a child. In order to be a good parent, you must be able to take care of your child's physical and emotional needs, watch out for their best interests, interact with them socially and provide an example of compassionate, assertive behaviour for them.

Cooperativeness Learn More

Defining Cooperation
The ability to collaborate with others for a common goal or benefit is referred to as cooperativeness. When compared to people who are more likely to be aggressive and self-centered, it describes how much more agreeable a person tends to be in their behaviours or relationships. An individual's behaviour and personality can be influenced by different brain regions and how their chemical interactions interact. Neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and cortisol, among others, can change how they operate or how much of them are present, which can lead to changes in behaviour. Therefore, genes involved in the manufacture and regulation of dopamine and serotonin can affect a person's propensity for cooperation.

Sociality Learn More

Understanding Sociality
The most striking aspect of human nature is sociality. Social connection permeates all parts of an individual's life. Human society is built on social organisations, which also help people establish and preserve interpersonal relationships. Everyone's social behaviour varies some people enjoy engaging with others, while others shy away from them and may find it difficult to cope with people. An individual's sociality is shaped by social integration, social contacts, social roles and social support. Compared to those of any other species, social ties are significantly more widespread, complex and diversified.

Agreeableness Learn More

What Does Agreeableness Mean?
One of The Big Five personality traits is agreeableness. Being warm, kind, cooperative, considerate, sympathetic and tactful are qualities that define it. An individual with a high degree of agreeableness may be more gregarious and helpful they typically strive to please others and typically perform very well in teams or groups. The degree of one's agreeability might change depending on the circumstance. Being confrontational may be more difficult for those who are highly agreeable and cooperating may be more difficult for those who are less agreeable. Understanding one's level of agreeableness can aid in behaviour control.

Conscientiousness Learn More

Definition of Conscientiousness
One of The Big Five personality traits is conscientiousness. It is characterised by a propensity to be conscientious, self-controlled, organised, goal-oriented and rule-following with strong impulse control. A person's propensity to be systematic, dependable, deliberate (think carefully before acting) and responsible is frequently reflected in their level of conscientiousness. Conversely, those who lack conscientiousness are more likely to be relaxed, less focused on their goals and less motivated by achievement.

Extraversion Learn More

Explaining Extraversion
An outgoing personality, which is linked to extraversion, makes a person more at ease engaging with others and connecting with them, even strangers. One who exhibits high levels of extraversion is typically more outgoing, enthusiastic and energetic in social settings. Introversion is on the other end of the spectrum. Quiet, shy and reserved personalities are frequently characterised as introverts. High levels of introversion make people less socially active they prefer to be alone, preoccupied with their own ideas and feelings, or in intimate or small groups of people.

Openness Learn More

Identifying Openness
One of The Big Five personality traits is openness to experience, also known as simply openness. Comparatively to those with comparatively lower levels of openness, those with greater levels tend to be more likely to explore new experiences, be receptive to novel ideas and enjoy trying new things. They also tend to experience more complex emotional states. These people have a propensity for being more inquisitive, inquiring and open-minded. People with low openness, on the other hand, are more rigid, literal, like to stay to the same pattern and may even be opposed to change.

Motivation Learn More

What exactly is motivation?
The internal process or force that propels a person towards their goals is known as motivation. It might influence how someone behaves in particular circumstances. The importance of motivation in the learning process cannot be overstated. An individual is better able to learn and recall the specifics of what was learnt if they are highly driven. Drives, or motivations that are primarily driven by social and psychological systems, such as thirst or hunger, can be used to categorise motivation. Increased productivity and self-assurance help people accept the rigours of everyday life.

Leadership Learn More

Defining leadership
Leadership is the capacity to use and guide one's collaborators in the best way feasible under different conditions in order to reach or complete goals as a group or team. Leadership potential can be influenced by both hereditary and environmental variables. The human brain is a complicated system and hormones and neurotransmitters play important roles in influencing a person's behaviour and capacity to inherit and display particular features. Neuronal-related genes can alter one's propensity to develop particular behavioural traits, such as leadership, by directly influencing the brain's chemical processes that affect behaviour.

Creative Ability

Music Learn More

Describing music trait
The complex feature of music combines emotions, learning and intellect. The sophisticated ability to communicate, feel and express oneself through sound, as well as to acquire and comprehend musical knowledge, is what is meant by "musical ability". The propensity, sensibility, or talent to make, hear and perform music belongs to the individual. Understanding and interpreting music is a skill that benefits both the performer and the listener or responder. Composing, improvising, or otherwise producing music requires a lot of creativity. One's musical skill is influenced by a number of genes. Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters that have an impact on both music and cognitive processes.

Creativity Learn More

Identifying creativity
The capacity to generate fresh, valuable ideas or possibilities that aid in problem-solving, communication, or entertainment of others is known as creativity. It is the capacity to combine several concepts in novel and beneficial ways. The need for unique, varied and complicated stimulation, as well as the need to share ideas and ideals and find solutions to problems, are the primary drivers of creativity. It is associated with a variety of ways of thinking, including adaptability and tolerance for ambiguity or unpredictability. The vital factor in advancing society and progress is creativity.